TitlePromotion of hepatocarcinogenesis by perfluoroalkyl acids in rainbow trout.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2012
AuthorsBenninghoff, AD, Orner, GA, Buchner, CH, Hendricks, JD, Duffy, AM, Williams, DE
JournalToxicol Sci
Volume125
Issue1
Pagination69-78
Date Published2012 Jan
ISSN1096-0929
KeywordsAflatoxin B1, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Animals, Caprylates, Carcinogenicity Tests, Cocarcinogenesis, Decanoic Acids, Endocrine Disruptors, Fluorocarbons, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Methylnitronitrosoguanidine, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract

Previously, we reported that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) promotes liver cancer in a manner similar to that of 17β-estradiol (E2) in rainbow trout. Also, other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are weakly estrogenic in trout and bind the trout liver estrogen receptor. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether multiple PFAAs enhance hepatic tumorigenesis in trout, an animal model that represents human insensitivity to peroxisome proliferation. A two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model was employed in trout to evaluate PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2FtOH) as complete carcinogens or promoters of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))- and/or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced liver cancer. A custom trout DNA microarray was used to assess hepatic transcriptional response to these dietary treatments in comparison with E2 and the classic peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate (CLOF). Incidence, multiplicity, and size of liver tumors in trout fed diets containing E2, PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA were significantly higher compared with AFB(1)-initiated animals fed control diet, whereas PFOS caused a minor increase in liver tumor incidence. E2 and PFOA also enhanced MNNG-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis. Pearson correlation analyses, unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and principal components analyses showed that the hepatic gene expression profiles for E2 and PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFOS were overall highly similar, though distinct patterns of gene expression were evident for each treatment, particularly for PFNA. Overall, these data suggest that multiple PFAAs can promote liver cancer and that the mechanism of promotion may be similar to that of E2.

DOI10.1093/toxsci/kfr267
Alternate JournalToxicol. Sci.
PubMed ID21984479
PubMed Central IDPMC3243748
Grant ListP30 ES00210 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P30 ES03850 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
R01 ES013534 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
T32 ES07060 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P42 ES016465 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States