TitleAssociation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and smoking with lung cancer mortality rates on a global scale.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2013
AuthorsMotorykin, ii, O, Matzke, MM, Waters, KM, Simonich, SLMassey
JournalEnviron Sci Technol
Volume47
Issue7
Pagination3410-6
Date Published2013 Apr 2
ISSN1520-5851
KeywordsAir Pollutants, Carcinogens, Humans, Internationality, Linear Models, Lung Neoplasms, Mortality, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic, Smoking
Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between lung cancer mortality rates, carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions, and smoking on a global scale, as well as for different socioeconomic country groups. The estimated lung cancer deaths per 100,000 people (ED100000) and age standardized lung cancer death rate per 100,000 people (ASDR100000) in 2004 were regressed on PAH emissions in benzo[a]pyrene equivalence (BaPeq), smoking prevalence, cigarette price, gross domestic product per capita, percentage of people with diabetes, and average body mass index using simple and multiple linear regression for 136 countries. Using stepwise multiple linear regression, a statistically significant positive linear relationship was found between loge(ED100000) and loge(BaPeq) emissions for high (p-value <0.01) and for the combination of upper-middle and high (p-value <0.05) socioeconomic country groups. A similar relationship was found between loge(ASDR100000) and loge(BaPeq) emissions for the combination of upper-middle and high (p-value <0.01) socioeconomic country groups. Conversely, for loge(ED100000) and loge(ASDR100000), smoking prevalence was the only significant independent variable in the low socioeconomic country group (p-value <0.001). These results suggest that reducing BaPeq emissions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Brazil, South Africa, Poland, Mexico, and Malaysia could reduce ED100000, while reducing smoking prevalence in Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Nepal, Mongolia, Cambodia, and Bangladesh could significantly reduce the ED100000 and ASDR100000.

DOI10.1021/es305295d
Alternate JournalEnviron. Sci. Technol.
PubMed ID23472838
PubMed Central IDPMC3634325
Grant ListP30ES00210 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P42 ES016465 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P42ES016465 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States