TitleEmission of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor solid fuel combustion.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsShen, G, Tao, S, Wang, W, Yang, Y, Ding, J, Xue, M, Min, Y, Zhu, C, Shen, H, Li, W, Wang, B, Wang, R, Wang, W, Wang, X, Russell, AG
JournalEnviron Sci Technol
Volume45
Issue8
Pagination3459-65
Date Published2011 Apr 15
ISSN1520-5851
KeywordsAir Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cooking, Crops, Agricultural, Fossil Fuels, Oxygen, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Abstract

Indoor solid fuel combustion is a dominant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and the latter are believed to be more toxic than the former. However, there is limited quantitative information on the emissions of OPAHs from solid fuel combustion. In this study, emission factors of OPAHs (EF(OPAH)) for nine commonly used crop residues and five coals burnt in typical residential stoves widely used in rural China were measured under simulated kitchen conditions. The total EF(OPAH) ranged from 2.8 ± 0.2 to 8.1 ± 2.2 mg/kg for tested crop residues and from 0.043 to 71 mg/kg for various coals and 9-fluorenone was the most abundant specie. The EF(OPAH) for indoor crop residue burning were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those from open burning, and they were affected by fuel properties and combustion conditions, like moisture and combustion efficiency. For both crop residues and coals, significantly positive correlations were found between EFs for the individual OPAHs and the parent PAHs. An oxygenation rate, R(o), was defined as the ratio of the EFs between the oxygenated and parent PAH species to describe the formation potential of OPAHs. For the studied OPAH/PAH pairs, mean R(o) values were 0.16-0.89 for crop residues and 0.03-0.25 for coals. R(o) for crop residues burned in the cooking stove were much higher than those for open burning and much lower than those in ambient air, indicating the influence of secondary formation of OPAH and loss of PAHs. In comparison with parent PAHs, OPAHs showed a higher tendency to be associated with particulate matter (PM), especially fine PM, and the dominate size ranges were 0.7-2.1 μm for crop residues and high caking coals and <0.7 μm for the tested low caking briquettes.

DOI10.1021/es104364t
Alternate JournalEnviron. Sci. Technol.
PubMed ID21375317
PubMed Central IDPMC3104500
Grant ListP42 ES016465 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P42 ES016465-03 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States